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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're likely to know that different varieties of beans produce varying flavor profiles. Learn about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter taste profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world, making up 75% of global coffee bean production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavor profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee are affected by the conditions in which it is grown as well as the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word meaning the berry. light roast coffee beans beans are actually seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were invigorated by eating these fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly around the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are capable of flourishing in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is believed to be the most delicious kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees that work well with many methods of brewing. Blending gives control over the aroma, taste, body and acidity of coffee. It is typically preferred to get a consistent and balanced flavor that is appealing to a broad audience.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second-most popular type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants naturally found in. However, these acids can cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica, and can be grown in less favorable climates. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cost-effective crop to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are frequently blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's some robusta as well.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs while maintaining quality. To maintain the integrity of the flavor, it's essential to select a top-quality bean from a source that you trust. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped and are therefore distinct from other types of coffee beans (check out this blog post via Coffeee). They have a distinctive scent that is fruity and floral with smokey undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and withstand hot, humid climates. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. Online, you can buy seeds from a variety of sources. However, it's ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure high-quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of coffee bean. It was once classified as a separate species, but has since been classified as a Liberica variant. These oval-shaped coffee beans are found on large coffee plants that range from 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their unique taste is both tart and sour, making them a popular option for blends that are house-made. They are also lighter in flavor and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta however they still have an unusual taste.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as common as Arabica and Robusta although they're fourth popular. In fact they were considered to be a separate coffee plant species until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans have a distinctive teardrop-shaped shape and possess an intriguing dark flavor. They're frequently used in blends to add body and a luscious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most well-known, and are renowned for their a sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates and at high altitudes. They can be a bit acidic. When roasted and brewed properly they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most adored coffee around the world. It is responsible for around 40% of all coffee consumed around the world. These beans are smaller and rounder but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two types and have an earthy, woody flavor.

Once you've mastered the four most popular types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your perfect brew. If you want a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.