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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties produce distinct flavors. Learn about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of the world's production. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta and come in different flavors. The flavor and aroma of coffee are affected by the conditions in which it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow within bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became energized after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee quickly was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes, and thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons why Arabica is considered to be the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical source of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique coffees, which can be used in a variety of brewing methods. Blending gives control over the aroma, flavor and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is generally preferred to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a broad market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean grown in the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica, and can be grown in less favorable climates. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a more cost-effective crop to cultivate.

Although it might sound odd it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you notice names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's likely that there is also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans bristol beans to cut costs and ensure the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select the highest quality beans from a reliable source. The best method to do this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other types of coffee beans. They are characterized by a smell that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a deeper and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. You can find the seeds on the internet from several sources, but it is recommended to purchase locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils, with moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of coffee bean. It was initially classified as a distinct species, but it has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. The coffee beans that are oval in shape are grown on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique taste is both sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for house blends. They have a more subtle scent and a lower caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but still have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta, although they're fourth popular. They were actually thought to be a different coffee plant species up until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious taste. These beans are commonly used to give blends more body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive in warm, tropical climates and high altitudes. They have a slight acidity. When properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and makes up about 40 percent of the world's beans. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, but contain more caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have woody and earthy undertones.

Once you've mastered the four most commonly used types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect coffee. If you're looking for a silky mild flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.